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Warbixinta suurtagalka ah ee ku saabsan baaxadda codsiga iyo rajada horumarinta ee saliidda iyo dufanka gaarka ah

特种油脂应用范围及发展前景的可研报告

Warbixinta suurtagalka ah ee ku saabsan baaxadda codsiga iyo rajada horumarinta ee saliidda iyo dufanka gaarka ah

第一节特种油脂的简介

特种油脂人造奶油从发明至今已有一今已有一百多年的历史。供应不足,法国拿破仑三世悬赏招募,号召制造奶油的代用不。里斯于1869年制成的奶油油获法国、英国专利。由于专利。故称为“人造奶油”,它还有一名“麦淇淋”,是英文"Margarine"的音译。(可研报告)

Qaybta 1 Hordhac saliidaha iyo dufanka gaarka ah

Saliida gaarka ah sida margarine, waxay leedahay in ka badan boqol sano oo taariikhda laga soo bilaabo ikhtiraacida.Dabayaaqadii qarnigii 19-aad, intii lagu jiray dagaalkii Franco-Prussian, Napoleon III ee Faransiisku wuxuu bixiyay abaal-marin si uu u shaqaaleysiiyo beddelka kareemka oo gabaabsi ka ahaa Yurub.Meggie, farmashiistaha Faransiiska.Saliida kiriimka ee uu sameeyay Mullis 1869kii waxa laga sharciyeeyay Faransiiska iyo Ingiriiska.Maaddaama badeecada cusubi ay u eg tahay subagga labadaba iyo muuqaalkeeda, waxaa loo yaqaannaa "Margarine", iyo sidoo kale "margarin", oo ah tarjumaad ereyga Ingiriisiga ah ee margarine.(Warbixinta daraasadda suurtagalka ah)

微信图片_20221225124703

第二节特种油脂的生产工艺

Qaybta 2 Farsamada wax soo saarka ee saliidaha iyo dufanka gaarka ah

(一)生产工艺 shaxda socodka wax soo saarkaJaantuska socodka ee farsamaynta Margarine-20221027

1.人造奶油生产工艺 Habka margarine

油相+水相→乳化→巴氏杀菌→急冷→捏合→人造奶油

Marxaladda saliidda + wejiga biyaha → Emulsification → Daawada → Quenching → Kneading → Margarine

2.起酥油生产工艺 Habka gaabin

基料油→(乳化)→急冷→捏合→起酥油

Saliida saldhiga →Emulsification → Quenching → Kneading → Gaabinta

3.代可可脂生产工艺 Habka beddelka subagga kookaha

氢化基料油→急冷→捏合→代可可脂

Saliidda saldhigga ah ee Hydrogenation→Quenching→Kneading→Beddelka subagga kookaha

(二)主要设备 Qalabka Muhiimka ahxutu微信图片_202209241438401

乳化罐(人造奶油、起酥油〕、高压泵、急冷机、捏合机、背压阀、休?

Taangiga Emulsification (margarine & gaabin), bamka HP, codbixiye, mishiinka rotor pin, valve cadaadiska dhabarka, tuubada nasashada (margarine miiska)

第三节  特种油脂的应用范围Codsiga saliidda gaarka ah

(一)乳化剂 Wakiilka Emulsifying

众所周知油、水是不相溶的,而我们的人造奶油是由油和水为主要原料生主要原料生产的。合则是乳化剂的乳化作用所致。常用的乳化剂有以下几种:

Sida aynu wada ogsoonahay saliida iyo biyuhu waa kuwo aan milmi karin, margarine-na waxa laga soo saaraa saliid iyo biyo oo ah alaabta ceeriinka ah ee ugu muhiimsan, labaduba waxay noqon karaan kuwo aad u wanaagsan marka la isku daro waxaa keena emulsifier-ka.Emulsifiers inta badan la isticmaalo waa sida soo socota:

1.单甘酯 monoglyceride

单甘酯是目前应用最广泛的乳化剂,是由甘油和油脂反应制得。产广犹犹丌品有粲甘油和油脂反应制得。产广犹犹品有精犹品犹,都今犹犹品犹犹里犹品有粲犹,反品犹犹品犹犹品犹,就犹品犹里。纯度可分为蒸馏单甘酯(纯度40-50%)和未蒸馏单甘酯(纯度90%以上)。不溶于水,可溶于油脂(80℃以上)。不溶于水,可溶于油脂(80℃以上)。

Monoglyceride waa emulsifier-ka ugu badan ee la isticmaalo, kaas oo lagu diyaariyo falcelinta glycerol iyo saliid.Alaabooyinka ku jira budada, granular ama koollada, marka loo eego nadiifnimadeeda waxaa loo qaybin karaa monoglyceride distilled (nadiifinta 40-50%) iyo monoglyceride aan la nadiifin (nadiifin ka badan 90%).Aan ku milmin biyaha, ku milmay dufan (ka sarreeya 80 ℃).Ka dhig mid xidhan marka aad kaydinayso.

2. 卵磷脂 Lecithin

卵磷脂最初取自蛋黄,但由于其成本高且易腐败,生产中用大豆磷脆路代大卵用卵用大卵。豆水化脱胶的副产品,主要成分为卵磷脂、脑磷脂及肌醇磷脂。精制后呈半透明的粘稠液,在空气中或光线照射下迅速变黄,并逐渐成不透明的迎色,不的迎色。溶性及乳化性,是良好的天然乳化剂。卵磷脂添加到人造奶油或起酥油中可增强稳定性。 .

Lecithin waxaa asal ahaan laga soo qaatay ukun jaallo ah, laakiin qiimaha sarreeya iyo dabeecadda burbursan awgeed, soy lecithin ayaa loo isticmaalay halkii wax soo saarka.Fosfolipid soybean waa wax-soo-saar ka soo baxa dareerinta fuuq-baxa soybean-ka.Qaybaheeda ugu muhiimsan waa lecithin, lecithin iyo inositol phospholipid.Dareer viscous ah oo si degdeg ah huruud isu beddela hawo ama iftiin oo noqda midab madow oo bunni ah.Aan biyo ku milmin, milanka saliidda wanaagsan iyo emulsification, waa emulsifier dabiici ah oo wanaagsan.Lecithin oo lagu daro margarine ama gaabintu waxay kor u qaadi kartaa xasiloonida, kordhinta dhadhanka cuntada, laakiin sidoo kale si looga hortago in saliidda lagu daadiyo inta lagu jiro karinta, kaydinta waa inay noqotaa mid hadh ah, la xidho.

3. 蔗糖酯 Sucrose ester

蔗糖酯是一种高效而安全的表面活性剂,由蔗糖与脂肪酸反应制得,易有制得,易有,于稳定,145℃以上会分解。蔗糖酯与单甘酯并用可作人造奶油的乳化剂,对面包、蛋糕有抗老化作用。

Sucrose ester waa nooc wax ku ool ah oo badbaado leh, oo ay diyaarisay falcelinta sukrose iyo aashitada dufanka leh, ee biyaha ku milma, laakiin aan milmin saliid, xasilloon 120 ℃, waxay dumin doontaa ka sarreeya 145 ℃.Sucrose ester iyo monoglyceride ayaa loo isticmaali karaa sidii emulsifier of margarine, kaas oo saameyn liddi ku ah gabowga ku leh rootiga iyo keega.

4.SPAN (司盘 /失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯Sorbitol fatty acid ester

失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯是由山梨糖醇与脂肪酸反应制得的一类物质是由山梨糖醇与脂肪酸反应制得的一类物质是由山梨糖醇与脂肪酸反应制得的一类物质。 SPAN60熔点52-54℃,酸值5-10,SPAN65则分别是55-57℃、12-15,二者碘值均小于2。大特性是对油脂结构有稳定作用,可使急冷后的油脂稳定在β′晶体结构。

Sorbitol fatty acid ester waa nooc ka mid ah walaxda ay diyaarisay falcelinta sorbitol iyo fatty acid, oo ay ka mid yihiin SPAN60 iyo SPAN65 ay caadi ahaan adeegsato shirkadeena.Meesha dhalaalka ah ee SPAN60 waa 52-54℃, qiimaha aysiidhka waa 5-10, qiimaha aysiidhka SPAN65 waa 55-57℃ iyo 12-15 siday u kala horreeyaan, qiimaha iodine ee labadooduba waa ka yar yahay 2. Cadaan ama huruud ah. cad, xasilloonida kulaylka wanaagsan, adag tahay in lagu milmo biyaha, fududahay in lagu milmo saliidda marka la kululeeyo.Dabeecadda ugu muhiimsan waa in la dejiyo qaabka dufanka, taas oo ka dhigi karta dufanka mid deggan ee qaab-dhismeedka β 'crystal ka dib marka la demiyo.

(二)抗氧化剂 Antioxidant

氧化是导致人造奶油、起酥油品质劣化的重要因素,防止氧化,除了了考虑选用平平平平平平平幨巨装及贮存条件外,还可添加一些安全性高、效果显著的抗氧化剂。油脂的种类、精炼程度、FFA的含量、铜铁离子、水分、光线、接触空朔及渉味及温味及温味及渊味味味味味味味味味味味味味丩氧化剂如下:

Oxidation-ku waa arrin muhiim ah oo horseedaysa xumeynta tayada margarin iyo soo gaabin.Si looga hortago oksaydhka, marka lagu daro in la tixgeliyo xulashada alaabta ceeriin, hababka farsamaynta, baakadaha iyo xaaladaha kaydinta, qaar ka mid ah antioxidants ammaan ah oo waxtar leh ayaa sidoo kale lagu dari karaa.Saamaynta antioxidants waxay kuxirantahay nooca saliidda, heerka sifaynta, maadada FFA, naxaasta iyo ion birta, qoyaanka, iftiinka, soo-gaadhista hawada, iyo heerkulka.Antioxidants inta badan la isticmaalo waa sida soo socota:

1.BHA (丁基羟基茴香醚))

白色或微黄色蜡状结晶粉末,有特异的酚类臭味和刺激性气味,熔点57-65℃,2溶解度30-40%,热稳定性好,弱碱下不易被破坏,可用与培烤食品,抗与能力强。化效果更好。油脂中最大用量0.2g/Kg,人造奶油中0.1g /Kg.

Budada crystalline cad ama huruud ah, oo leh ur phenolic gaar ah iyo udgoon, dhibic dhalaalaysa 57-65 ℃, aan milmayn biyaha, 25 ℃ milanka saliidda 30-40%, xasilloonida kulaylka wanaagsan, alkali daciif ah ma fududa in la burburiyo, waa loo isticmaalo dubista cuntada, awood bakteeriyada xoog leh.BHA aad bay waxtar u leedahay marka lagu daro antioxidants kale ama citric acid, synergist.Qiyaasta ugu badan waa 0.2g/Kg dufan iyo 0.1g/Kg oo margarine ah.

2. BHT (丁二基羟基甲苯)

白色结晶或粉末,无味,无臭,熔点69.5-70.5℃ 40℃猪油中40%,热稳定性好。中0.1g/Kg,与BHA,柠檬酸合用以" BHT:BHA:柠檬酸=2:2:1”比例为佳。

crystal White ama budo, dhadhan la'aan, ur aan lahayn, dhibic dhalaalaysa 69.5-70.5 ℃, dhibic karkaraya 265 ℃, aan milmayn biyaha, 25℃ saliid soybean milmaya 30%, Saliid suuf 20%, 40℃ subagga 40%, xasilooni kulayl wanaagsan, sublimation, ma jiro BHA heteroodor, qiimo jaban, suntan marka loo eego awooda sare ee BHA.Qiyaasta ugu badan ee dufanku waa 0.2g/Kg, margarine waa 0.1g/Kg, saamiga BHT: BHA: citric acid = 2:2:1 ayaa ugu fiican marka lagu daro BHA iyo citric acid.

3. TBHQ〔特丁基对苯二酚)

一种新型抗氧化剂,抗氧化效果比BHA、BHT好,最大特点Fe离子存在下不着色。 下不着色。生异味或异臭,油溶性良好,熔点126.5-128.5℃,可单独使用,也可与BHT, BHA混用,油中最大添加量0.02%.

Nooc cusub oo antioxidant ah, saameynta antioxidant waxay ka fiican tahay BHA, BHT, dabeecadda ugu weyn ee Fe ion iyada oo aan midab lahayn.TBHQ ma soo saari doonto ur ama heteroodor marka saliid lagu daro, saliiduna waxay leedahay milan wanaagsan.Barta dhalaalka waa 126.5-128.5 ℃.Waxaa la isticmaali karaa kaligiis ama lagu qasi karaa BHT iyo BHA, qadarka ugu badan ee saliidda lagu darayna waa 0.02%.

(三)增效剂—柠檬酸 Synergist-citric acid

两种或两种以上抗氧化剂混合使用,或与增效剂并用。称为增效作用。在植物油中使用酚型抗氧化剂,若同时添加柠檬酸.从而对促进氧化的金属离子起钝化作用。增效剂的用量一般是酚型抗氧化剂的1/4-1/2.

Isku darka laba ama in ka badan oo ah antioxidants, ama synergist, ayaa inta badan ka waxtar badan mid kaligiis ah, dhacdo loo yaqaan ' synergism'.Haddii citric acid lagu daro saliidda khudradda, saamaynta antioxidant ee antioxidants phenolic ayaa si weyn loo hagaajin doonaa.Waxaa guud ahaan la rumeysan yahay in citric acid ay sameyn karto chelates oo leh ion bir raad raac ah (Cu2+, Fe3+) kuwaas oo kor u qaada oksaydheynta, sidaas darteed daminta ions birta ah ee kor u qaada oksaydhka.Qiyaasta isku-darka guud ahaan waa 1/4-1/2 ee antioxidant-ka phenolic.

(四)防腐剂 Preservative

人造奶油中的水,尤其是水相中的一些物质(如乳清粉),特别容易引起微生生中的一些物质(如乳清粉)则是具有杀死微生物或抑制微生物繁殖的物质。

Biyaha ku jira margarine, gaar ahaan walxaha qaar ee ku jira marxaladda biyaha (sida budada whey), waxay si gaar ah ugu nugul yihiin taranka microbial iyo koritaanka.Waxyaabaha ilaaliya waa maaddooyinka dila noolaha ama hor istaaga tarankooda.

1.盐 Cusbo

盐既是调味剂又是优良的防腐剂,盐的贮存要注意防止受污染和防潮。

milixdu waa walax dhadhan dhadhamin iyo ilaalin aad u fiican labadaba.Kaydinta milixdu waa inay taxaddaraan si looga hortago wasakhda iyo qoyaanka ilaalinta.

2. 山梨酸钾 Potassium sorbate

无色或白色鳞片状结晶或粉末,无臭或稍有臭味。于水,对霉菌、酵母及好气性菌均有抑制作用.

Kiristaalo qolof ah oo aan midab lahayn ama caddaan ah, aan ur lahayn ama wax yar ur, aan degganayn hawada, waxaa lagu midabayn karaa oksaydhism, hygroscopic, si fudud u milmi biyaha, waxay leedahay saameyn inhibitory ah caaryada, khamiirka iyo bakteeriyada aerostatic, waa ilaalinta acidic, waa in ay ahaataa loo isticmaalo qiimaha PH ee 5-6 ka hooseeya xadka.Fiiro gaar ah u yeelo-cadaynta qoyaanka iyo xidhidhiyaha marka aad kaydinayso.

(五)色素 Midabka

1.β-胡萝卜素 Beta carotene

β-胡萝卜素为理想的天然色素,具价格低、有营养、色调稳定等优优点。末,稍有异臭,不溶于水和甘油,难溶于乙醇、丙酮,240 ℃在植物油中溶解度为0.05-0.10%.变浅。贮存时要置于阴凉处,并注意遮光、密闭。

β-carotene waa midab dabiici ah oo ku habboon, kaas oo leh faa'iidooyinka qiimaha hooseeya, nafaqada iyo xasilloonida midabka.guduudan oo casaan ah ilaa budada crystalline cas, wax yar heteroodor, aan milmin biyaha iyo glycerol, aan milmin ee ethanol, acetone, milmay 0.05-0.10% saliidda cuntada at 240 ℃.Beta-carotene waa mid aan degganayn iftiinka iyo ogsijiinta labadaba waxayna noqotaa midab khafiif ah marka ay la kulmaan aions birta culus sida Fe3+.Kaydinta waa in la dhigaa meel qabow, oo fiiro gaar ah u yeelo hadh, hawo-mareen.

2.胭脂红 Carmine

红色或深红色粉末,无臭,溶于水呈红色,不溶于油。细菌性差,遇碱变褐色。吸湿性强,宜贮存于干燥、阴凉处,长期保存,应注意密封、防潮、防变质。

Budada cas ee cas ama madow, ur aan lahayn, casaanka biyaha, aan milmin saliidda, caabbinta iftiinka, caabbinta aashitada wanaagsan, caabbinta kulaylka, yaraynta caabbinta, caabbinta bakteeriyada liidata, alkali isu beddela brown.Hanti xoog leh oo hygroscopic ah, waa in lagu kaydiyaa meel qalalan, meel qabow, kaydinta muddada dheer, waa in fiiro gaar ah u yeelo shaabadda, qoyaan-caddaynta, ka-hortagga xumaanta.

3.柠檬黄 Liin dhanaan

橙黄色粉末,无臭,0.1%水溶液呈黄色,不溶于油脂。性差,遇碱变红色。贮存注意事项同胭脂红。

Budada jaalaha ah ee Orange, ur aan lahayn, 0.1% xalalka biyaha jaalaha ah, aan milmin saliidda, caabbinta kulaylka, caabbinta aashitada, caabbinta milixda ayaa wanaagsan, caabbinta oksijiinta, caabbinta alkali waa liidata, casaan marka alkali.Taxaddar kaydinta waxay la mid tahay carmine.

(六)风味添加剂 Wakiilka dhadhanka

1.香精 cadar

食用香精是用各种安全性高的香料和稀释剂等调和而成。澄清、透明液存在,但以精炼植物油为稀释剂的油溶性香精低温时会出现冷凝现象。所有香精都有一定的挥发性,贮存时要注意置于阴? ,并注意防晒、防潮、防火。香精启封后,不宜继续贮存,最好尽量用完。热敏性物料,使用时注意投入时间。

Dhadhanka cuntada waxa uu ka samaysan yahay dhir udgoon oo kala duwan iyo dareereyaal ammaankoodu sarreeyo, kuwaas oo loo qaybin karo laba qaybood oo kala ah: Saliid milmay iyo biyo.Intooda badan waxay ku jiraan dareere cad oo hufan, laakiin nuxurka saliidda leh ee saliidda cuntada ee la safeeyey sida dareeraha ayaa isku ururin doona heerkul hoose.Dhammaan dhadhanka waxay leeyihiin isbeddel gaar ah, kaydinta waa inay fiiro gaar ah u yeelataa in la dhigo meel qabow (10-30 ℃ waa ku habboon tahay), oo fiiro gaar ah u leh muraayadda qorraxda, qoyaan-caddaynta, ka hortagga dabka.Dhadhanka ka dib furitaanka, waa inaanu sii wadin kaydinta, waxa fiican in la isticmaalo.Kuleylka walxaha xasaasiga ah, fiiro gaar ah u yeelo waqtiga gelinta, oo fiiro gaar ah u yeelo si aad si siman ugu qaybiso walxaha.

2.盐 Cusbo

如前所述盐既是防腐剂,又是风味调节剂。油脂的熔点较低,食盐添加量少;夏季原料油脂的熔点较高,食盐添加量较多。食盐的贮存要注意防潮。

Sidii hore loo soo sheegay, milixdu waa ilaalin iyo ilaaliye dhadhan labadaba.Waxay leedahay shaqada ilaalinta, laakiin sidoo kale waxay leedahay shaqada samaynta kareemka cusbo leh.Xilliga jiilaalka, barta dhalaalaysa ee saliidda ceyriinka ah way yar tahay, qadarka milixda ee lagu darayna waa yar yahay.Xilliga xagaaga, barta dhalaalaysa ee saliidda cayriin ayaa sarreeya, qadarka milixduna waa badan yahay.milixdu waa in lagu kaydiyaa ka hortagga qoyaanka.

3.乳清粉 Ceeryaamo Whey

在人造奶油中添加乳清粉是为了增加其风味性。 乳清粉变性且不可逆的特性,在贮存和使用中要尤其注意。具体影响因素如下:

Budada Whey waxaa lagu daraa margarine si loo kordhiyo dhadhankeeda.Qaybta ugu muhiimsan ee budada whey waa borotiinka, kaas oo isbeddelaya oo aan laga beddeli karin xaaladaha qaarkood.Fiiro gaar ah waa in lagu bixiyaa kaydinta iyo isticmaalka.Qodobbada gaarka ah ee saameynaya waa sida soo socota:

(1)

(2)物理因素:加热(高温)、紫外线、超声波、强烈的搅拌、振荡、、振荡、、振荡、氋华、尋华

(1) Qodobbada kiimikaad: aashitada, saldhigga, dareeraha organic, cusbada birta culus, surfactants, iwm.

(2) Qodobbada jirka: kululaynta (heerkulka sare), ultraviolet, ultrasonic, kacsanaan daran, oscillation, extrusion, fallaadho kala duwan.

4. 乳脂 Butterfat

乳脂是天然的奶油,为了增加人造奶油的营养和风味而添加。低温、阴凉、干燥夔夔得干燥。

Butterfat waa kareem dabiici ah, oo lagu daray si loo kordhiyo nafaqada iyo dhadhanka margarine.Ku kaydi meel qabow, qabow oo qallalan.

(七)消泡剂――乳化硅油 Deformer-Silicone emulsion

在食品煎炸生产中,有时会产生大量的泡沫。甚至造成生产事故。我司生产的“KFC”煎炸油中添加乳化硅油,就是利用了它的消泡作用。

乳化硅油为乳白色油状液体,其粘度受温度影响不大。臭,可溶于水.

Soo saarista raashiinka shiilan, mararka qaarkood waxaa imanaysa xumbo badan, haddii aanay wakhtiga ku habboonayn, saliidda ama xumbadu waxay ka soo butaaci doontaa weelka, waxay caqabad ku noqon doontaa shaqada, oo xataa waxay sababi doontaa shilal wax soo saar.Saliidda silikoon ee emulsified ayaa lagu daraa saliidda shiilan ee "KFC" ee ay soo saarto shirkadeena, taas oo ka dhigaysa isticmaalka saamaynta xumbo-baxa.

Saliida Silikoon ee Emulsified waa dareere cad cad oo caano ah, viscosity ma saameeyo heerkulka, aan guban, aan kacsanayn hawada, hantida deggan, aan sun ahayn, ur, milmay biyaha.

第四节  特种油脂行业的发展前景 Rajada horumarinta ee warshadaha saliidda gaarka ah

我国特种油品市场发展迅速,为与汽车配套使用的消费品。高,润滑油行业发展也随之兴起。机械化的程度越高,润滑油的使用率就越高。市场发展将趋稳增长.

我国特种油品行业需发挥雄厚科研技术力量优势,把握国际发展趋势。电力行业很少执行SH0040-91超高压变压器油标准,大部分采用符合国际标准的进口油。会面对广阔的市场需求,迎来更好的机遇。

Suuqa saliidda gaarka ah ayaa si degdeg ah u horumaraya.Alaabooyinka macaamiisha ah ee loo isticmaalo baabuurta, saliidda saliidda ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah loogu beddelay badeecada macaamiisha caadiga ah.Hadda oo ay kor u kacday heerka makaanaynta, horumarinta warshadaha saliidda saliidda ayaa sidoo kale kor u kacaysa.Heerka sare ee makaanaynta, korodhka heerka isticmaalka saliidda saliidda, rajada ayaa ifaysa, horumarinta suuqa warshadaha saliidda saliidda waxay noqon doontaa koboc deggan.

Warshadaha saliidda ee gaarka ah ee Shiinaha waxay u baahan yihiin inay si buuxda u ciyaaraan faa'iidooyinka cilmi-baaris cilmiyeed oo xooggan iyo teknoolajiyada, inay fahmaan isbeddelka horumarinta caalamiga ah, iyo si joogto ah u wanaajiya heerarka la xidhiidha alaabta saliidda gaarka ah.Tusaale ahaan, warshadaha tamarta korontada ee Shiinaha si dhif ah ayey u fulisaa SH0040-91 heerarka saliidda beddelka danabka aadka u sarreeya, badankooduna waxay qaataan saliid dibadda laga keeno oo buuxisa heerarka caalamiga ah.Shirkadaha Shiineeska ee saliidda gaarka ah waxay wajihi doonaan baahida suuqa oo ballaaran waxayna keeni doonaan fursado wanaagsan.

 


Waqtiga boostada: Dec-25-2022