Khadka farsamaynta margarine ee keega baastada ah

Fiidiyowga Soo saarista:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3cSJknMaYd8

Margarine waa subag laga sameeyay saliidda cuntada, dufanka xoolaha ama ilo kale oo baruur ah. Nidaamkeeda wax-soo-saarka iyo qalabka farsamaynta ayaa si aad ah u bislaaday sannado badan oo horumarineed ka dib. Kuwa soo socdaa waa hab-socod tifaftiran iyo soo bandhigida qalabka muhiimka ah:

I. Habka wax soo saarka ee Margarin

1. Diyaarinta Qalabka Ceyriinka

• Agabka ugu muhiimsan:

o Saliida (qiyaastii 80%): sida timirta, Saliida soybean, Saliida Rapeseed, Saliida qumbaha, iwm, kuwaas oo u baahan in la sifeeyo (de-gumming, de-acidification, de-coloring, de-odorization).

o Marxaladda biyaha (qiyaastii 15-20%): caano la shiiday, biyo, milix, emulsifiers (sida lecithin, mono-glyceride), waxyaalaha ilaaliya (sida potassium sorbate), fiitamiinnada (sida vitamin A, D), dhadhanka iwm.

o Waxyaabaha lagu daro: midabka (β-carotene), nidaamiyaha aysiidhka (lactic acid), iwm.

2. Isku-dhafka iyo Emulsification

• Wajiga saliidda iyo isku dhafka biyaha:

o Marxaladda saliidda (saliid + waxyaabaha lagu daro saliidda lagu milmo) waa la kululeeyaa ilaa 50-60 ℃ waana la dhalaalay.

o Wejiga biyaha (biyaha + waxyaabaha lagu daro biyaha-milmi kara) waa la kululeeyaa oo la nadiifiyaa (pasteurization, 72 ℃ / 15 ilbiriqsi).

o Labada weji waa la isku qasan yahay saami ahaan, iyo emulsifiers (sida mono-glyceride, soy lecithin) ayaa lagu daraa, iyo emulsion isku mid ah (biyaha-saliidka ama nooca biyaha ee saliidda) ayaa la sameeyay iyada oo loo marayo walaaqaya xawaare sare (2000-3000 rpm).

3. Qaboojin degdeg ah & crystallization (Tallaabada Furaha)

• Qaboojin degdeg ah: Emulsion-ka si degdeg ah ayaa loo qaboojiyey ilaa 10-20℃ iyada oo la sii marinayo kulaylka dusha sare ee la xoqay (SSHE), taas oo keenaysa qayb ka mid ah kareemidda saliidda si ay u samayso qaabka β' crystal (furaha tayada wanaagsan).

• Qaabaynta: Dufanka adag waxa si farsamaysan loo xiiraa cajiinka (Pin Worker) ee 2000-3000 rpm si loo jebiyo kiristaalo waaweyn oo loo sameeyo qaab-dhismeed dufan leh oo siman, iyada oo laga fogaanayo dareen xun.

4. Bislaanshaha iyo Baakadaha

• Koritaanka: Waxaa loo daayaa inuu istaago 20-25 ℃ 24-48 saacadood si loo dejiyo qaab dhismeedka crystal.

• Baakadaha: Waxaa loo buuxiyey sida baloogyo, koobab, ama nooca buufinta, waxaana lagu kaydiyaa qaboojiyaha (qaar margarine jilicsan ayaa si toos ah loogu kaydin karaa heerkulka qolka).

II. Qalabka Habaynta Muhiimka ah

1. Qalabka daawaynta ka hor

• Qalabka sifaynta saliidda: centrifuge degumming, munaaradda aashitada-dejinta, haanta midab-dejinta, munaaradda deminta ur.

• Qalabka farsamaynta wajiga biyaha: Mashiinka daaqsinka, homogenizer-cadaadiska sare (oo loo isticmaalo isu-soo-noqoshada wajiga biyaha).

2. Qalabka Emulsification

• Taangiga Emulsion: haanta birta aan lahayn oo leh hawl karrin iyo kuleyl (sida kicinta nooca marawaxadaha).

• homogenizer-cadaadiska sare: sii sifee dhibco emulsion ah (cadaadiska 10-20 MPa).

3. Qalabka qaboojinta degdega ah

• Sarreeye kulaylka dusha sare ee la xoqay (SSHE):

o Si degdeg ah u qabooji ilaa heer qaboojis hoose leh, oo leh xoqo wareeg ah si looga hortago xoqid.

o Noocyada caadiga ah: Gerstenberg & Agger (Denmark), Alfa Laval (Sweden), socodka SPX (USA), Shiputec (Shiine)

• Shaqeeyaha Pin:

o Ku xiiri baruurta iyada oo loo marayo qaybo badan oo biinanka ah si loo xakameeyo cabbirka crystal.

4. Qalabka Baakadaha

• Mashiinka buuxinta tooska ah: ee baloogyada (25g-500g) ama baakadaha foosto (1kg-20kg).

• Khadka baakadaha nadiifka ah: oo ku habboon alaabada cimri-dhererka ah (sida margarin dareere ah oo la daweeyay UHT).

III. Hababka Kala Duwanaanshaha

1. Margarine jilicsan: Saliida dareeraha ah ee saliidda ah (sida saliid gabbaldayaha), looma baahna qaboojin degdeg ah, si toos ah isku mid ah oo baakadaysan.

2. Margarine dufanku ku yar yahay: Waxa ku jira dufan 40-60%, waxay u baahan tahay in lagu daro walxaha dhumucyada leh (sida jelatin, istaarij la beddelay).

3. Margarine-ku-salaysan dhirta: Dhammaan caanaha saliidda dhirta, ma jiraan asiidh dufan leh (ku hagaaji barta dhalaalka iyada oo loo marayo isweydaarsiga ester ama farsamada jajabinta).

IV. Qodobbada Muhiimka ah ee Xakamaynta Tayada

Foomka crystal: Qaabka β' crystal (ka sarreeya qaabka β crystal) wuxuu u baahan yahay xakamaynta heerka deminta iyo xoojinta isku darka.

• Badbaadada microbial: Marxaladda aqueous waxay u baahan tahay in si adag loo nadiifiyo, iyo pH waa in lagu hagaajiyaa ka hooseeya 4.5 si loo joojiyo bakteeriyada.

• Xasilooni Oxidation: Ku dar antioxidants (sida TBHQ, fitamiin E) si aad uga fogaato wasakhowga birta.

Marka la isku daro hababka kor ku xusan iyo qalabka, kareemka casriga ah ee casriga ah wuxuu u ekaan karaa dhadhanka subagga isagoo buuxinaya shuruudaha caafimaadka sida kolestaroolka hooseeya iyo dufanka dheregsan. Qaabka gaarka ah iyo habka ayaa loo baahan yahay in lagu hagaajiyo iyadoo loo eegayo meelaynta alaabta (sida dubista ama codsiga dushooda cuntada).